Abstract: The article presents insights of an ongoing research on the experiences and perceptions of young people about work in the context of the social and sanitary crisis, crossed by the October uprising and the outbreak of the current COVID-19 pandemic. As a data collection method, semi-structured, online interviews were applied to young people with work experience. By means of a content analysis, it is intended to highlight the most common perceptions and preliminary findings towards this work: the search for independence from a family context, the different meanings of work for young people, and the emergence of household work as a more prominent reality for young women.

Resumen: El artículo presenta avances de la investigación en curso sobre las experiencias y percepciones de jóvenes en torno al trabajo en contexto de crisis sociosanitaria, cruzada por la revuelta de octubre y la irrupción de la actual pandemia por Covid-19. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas en formato virtual a jóvenes con experiencia laboral. Por medio de un análisis de contenido se buscó relevar las percepciones más comunes, tales como la búsqueda de independencia respecto a lo familiar, los diferentes significados del trabajo en jóvenes y la emergencia del trabajo doméstico como una realidad que se ha intensificado también en el caso de las mujeres jóvenes; constituyendo estos los hallazgos preliminares del estudio.

Resumo: O artigo apresenta avanços da pesquisa em andamento sobre as experiências e percepções dos jovens sobre o trabalho no contexto da crise social e sanitária, atravessada pela revolta de outubro e o surto da atual pandemia de COVID-19. Foram aplicadas entrevistas semiestruturadas em formato virtual a jovens com experiência profissional. Através de uma análise de conteúdo, procuramos relevar as percepções mais comuns, tais como a busca de independência da família, os diferentes significados do trabalho nos jovens e a emergência do trabalho doméstico como uma realidade que também se intensificou no caso das mulheres jovens; constituindo as descobertas preliminares do estudo.

Objective: To identify clinical and sociodemographic factors that increase or decrease suicidal risk in a clinical sample of subjects seeking mental health care. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed at three health centers in Santiago, Chile. The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Depressive Experience Questionnaire (DEQ), Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2), Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL), and State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2), in addition to a sociodemographic survey, were applied to 544 participants (333 with suicidal behavior and 211 without current suicidal behavior). Through hierarchical clustering analysis, participants were grouped by similarity regarding suicidal risk. Then, a regression analysis was performed using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) technique, and factors that decrease or increase suicide risk (SR) were identified for each cluster. Results: The resultant clusters were grouped mainly by the age of participants. The most important protective factor was having confidence in one’s own coping skills in difficult situations. Relevant risk factors were major depressive disorder (MDD), poor anger management, and difficulties in interpersonal relationships. Conclusions: Suicidal risk manifests differently throughout the life cycle, and different types of bonds may protect from or increase risk of suicide.

ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to validate the Reasons for Living (RFL) Inventory in Chile, using a purposive and consecutive sample of 705 mental health patients in the Metropolitan Region. The RFL scale assesses the importance ascribed to reasons for living when contemplating suicide. The factorial structure of the scale was analyzed through exploratory and confirmatory analysis of the original instrument. Internal consistency, construct validity, and concurrent validity were studied and score parameters were defined. The suggested cut-off point for Chile is 4.1, which means that lower scores indicate a higher probability of suicide risk. Sensitivity was estimated at 62.1% and specificity at 66%, which is considered to be acceptable, given the high incidence of false negatives and positives. The result of the evaluation warns health professionals to clinically investigate the suicide risk detected when administering the instrument. Additionally, results highlight the adaptive and therapeutic potential of the reasons to stay alive for the treatment of depressive patients who are contemplating suicide.

RESUMEN: El estudio tuvo como objetivo la validación para Chile de la escala Razones para Vivir (RFL) en una muestra intencionada y consecutiva de 705 consultantes a salud mental en la Región Metropolitana. La RFL evalúa la importancia atribuida a las razones para vivir cuando se piensa en el suicidio. Se analizó la estructura factorial a través de análisis exploratorio y confirmatorio del instrumento original. Se estudió la consistencia interna, la validez de constructo y la validez concurrente y se definieron los parámetros de puntajes. El punto de corte sugerido para Chile es 4,1, lo que significa que bajo este puntaje hay una mayor probabilidad de riesgo suicida. La sensibilidad es del 62,1% y la especificidad, 66%, considerado aceptable, dada la alta incidencia de falsos negativos y positivos. El resultado de la evaluación advierte a los tratantes para indagar clínicamente el riesgo suicida detectado en el momento de aplicar el instrumento. Además, para el tratamiento de pacientes con depresión y riesgo suicida, destaca el potencial adaptativo y terapéutico de las razones para mantenerse con vida cuando se está contemplando el suicidio.

The relationship between depressive experience style, family satisfaction, discomfort in interpersonal relationships, and suicidal behavior was studied in a purposive sample of 405 mental health patients in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. They were classified into high severity suicide attempt, low severity suicide attempt, suicidal ideation, and no suicidal behavior. The instruments used were: DEQ, OQ-45.2, APGAR, RFL, Risk-Rescue Rating Scale, and Suicidal Intent Scale. ANOVA, ?2, and models of mediation and moderation of conditional processes were conducted. The high severity suicide attempt group showed a significant predominance of the dependent style compared with the group without suicidal behavior. There was a high presence of the self-critical style throughout the sample, especially in the suicidal ideation group. The groups with suicide risk had higher dysfunctional rates of interpersonal discomfort and a greater perception of severe family dysfunction than the group without suicidal behavior. Satisfaction with family functioning was observed to influence the intention to die at the time of the suicide attempt. These results underscore the importance of family functioning and interpersonal relationships in suicide risk.

Se estudió la relación entre estilo de vivencia depresiva, satisfacción familiar, malestar en las relaciones interpersonales y conducta suicida en 405 consultantes a salud mental en la Región Metropolitana, Chile, a través de una muestra intencionada. Se clasificaron en: intento de suicidio de alta gravedad, intento de suicidio de baja gravedad, ideación suicida y sin conducta suicida. Se utilizaron los instrumentos DEQ, OQ-45.2, APGAR, RFL, Escala de Riesgo-Rescate y Escala de Intención Suicida. Se realizaron ANOVA, ?2 y modelos de mediación y moderación de procesos condicionales. El grupo con intento suicida de alta gravedad mostró una predominancia del estilo dependiente. Hubo una alta presencia del estilo autocrítico en la muestra total, especialmente en el grupo con ideación suicida. Los grupos con riesgo suicida presentaron mayores índices disfuncionales de malestar interpersonal y una mayor percepción de disfuncionalidad familiar grave que el grupo sin conducta suicida. La satisfacción con el funcionamiento familiar mostró un efecto en la intencionalidad de morir al momento del intento de suicidio. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia del funcionamiento familiar y las relaciones interpersonales en el riesgo suicida.

Objective: To analyze suicidal behavior and build a predictive model for suicide risk using data mining (DM) analysis. Methods: A study of 707 Chilean mental health patients (with and without suicide risk) was carried out across three healthcare centers in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile. Three hundred forty-three variables were studied using five questionnaires. DM and machine-learning tools were used via the support vector machine technique. Results: The model selected 22 variables that, depending on the circumstances in which they all occur, define whether a person belongs in a suicide risk zone (accuracy = 0.78, sensitivity = 0.77, and specificity = 0.79). Being in a suicide risk zone means patients are more vulnerable to suicide attempts or are thinking about suicide. The interrelationship between these variables is highly nonlinear, and it is interesting to note the particular ways in which they are configured for each case. The model shows that the variables of a suicide risk zone are related to individual unrest, personal satisfaction, and reasons for living, particularly those related to beliefs in one’s own capacities and coping abilities. Conclusion: These variables can be used to create an assessment tool and enables us to identify individual risk and protective factors. This may also contribute to therapeutic intervention by strengthening feelings of personal well-being and reasons for staying alive. Our results prompted the design of a new clinical tool, which is fast and easy to use and aids in evaluating the trajectory of suicide risk at a given moment.